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1 Warden of the Mint
История: смотритель монетного двора (в Англии) -
2 warden of the mint
n. darphane müdürü [brit.] -
3 warden of the mint
n. darphane müdürü [brit.] -
4 warden
n1) наглядач; хоронитель (музею тощо); уповноважений з охорониair-raid warden — військ. уповноважений цивільної оборони
3) начальник в'язниціW. of the Tower — іст. начальник охорони державних злочинців у Тауері
4) тюремник, в'язничний наглядач6) сторож; вартовий; воротар7) іст. регент, віце-король (при неповнолітньому монарху)8) церковний старостаW. of the Mint — іст. доглядач монетного двора (в Англії)
* * *['wxːdn]nWarden of the Marches — іст, доглядач межі (Англії з Уельсом, Шотландією)
Warden of the Standards — начальник палати величин, ваги
Warden of the Mint — icт. доглядач монетного двору ( у Англії); пoeт. хранитель, охоронець
Warden of the Tower — icт. начальник охорони державних злочинців в Тауері; ( тюремний) наглядач, тюремник
4) icт. начальник; правитель (провінції, міста, округ); губернатор ( колонії)5) сторож; вартовий6) icт. регент, правитель, віце-король ( при неповнолітньому монарху) -
5 warden
[ʹwɔ:dn] n1. 1) смотритель, надзиратель; уполномоченный по охране (чего-л.); хранитель (музея и т. п.)air-raid warden - воен. уполномоченный по гражданской обороне
Warden of the Marches - ист. смотритель границы ( Англии с Уэльсом и Шотландией)
Warden of the Mint - ист. смотритель монетного двора ( в Англии)
2) поэт. хранитель, блюститель3. 1) начальник тюрьмыWarden of the Tower - ист. начальник охраны государственных преступников в Тауэре
2) (тюремный) надзиратель, тюремщик4. преим. ист. начальник; правитель (провинции, города, округа); губернатор (колонии и т. п.)5. редк. привратник; страж, сторож; часовой6. ист. регент, правитель, вице-король ( при несовершеннолетнем монархе)7. церковный староста -
6 warden
['wxːdn]nWarden of the Marches — іст, доглядач межі (Англії з Уельсом, Шотландією)
Warden of the Standards — начальник палати величин, ваги
Warden of the Mint — icт. доглядач монетного двору ( у Англії); пoeт. хранитель, охоронець
Warden of the Tower — icт. начальник охорони державних злочинців в Тауері; ( тюремний) наглядач, тюремник
4) icт. начальник; правитель (провінції, міста, округ); губернатор ( колонії)5) сторож; вартовий6) icт. регент, правитель, віце-король ( при неповнолітньому монарху) -
7 warden
сущ.1) общ управляющий, директор (напр., директор школы)2) гос. упр. надзиратель, смотритель, инспекторSyn: -
8 warden
['wɔːd(ə)n]сущ.1) смотритель, хранительwarden of the Mint — ист. смотритель монетного двора
2)б) = prison warden тюремный надзиратель3) начальник, правитель (округа, города); губернатор5) смотритель дорог, дорожный инспектор6) управляющий, директор (порта, рынка)8) привратник, швейцар9) ист. вице-король, регент -
9 warden
ˈwɔ:dn сущ.
1) директор школы
2) тюремный начальник или надсмотрщик prison warden ≈ тюремный надзиратель traffic warden ≈ инспектор дорожного движения (гл. обр. контролирует соблюдение правил стоянки автомобилей) Syn: supervisor, inspector
3) церковный староста смотритель, надзиратель;
уполномоченный по охране (чего-л.) ;
хранитель( музея и т. п.) - game * инспектор по охране дичи - air-raid * (военное) уполномоченный по гражданской обороне - W. of the Marches( историческое) смотритель границы( Англии с Уэльсом и Шотландией) - W. of the Standards начальник палаты мер и весов - W. of the Mint (историческое) смотритель монетного двора (в Англии) хранитель, блюститель директор( школы) ;
ректор( колледжа) ;
декан начальник тюрьмы - W. of the Tower( историческое) начальник охраны государственных преступников в Тауэре (тюремный) надзиратель, тюремщик преим. (историческое) начальник;
правитель( провинции, города, округа) ;
губернатор( колонии и т. п.) (редкое) привратник;
страж, сторож;
часовой( историческое) регент, правитель, вице-король (при несовершеннолетнем монархе) церковный староста traffic ~ инспектор дорожного движения warden (преим. ист.) губернатор;
высокое должностное лицо ~ начальник;
директор, ректор (в некоторых английских колледжах) ~ начальник тюрьмы ~ смотритель, надзиратель;
служитель ~ тюремный надзиратель ~ церковный староста -
10 warden
noun1) (president, governor) Direktor, der/Direktorin, die; (of college, school) Rektor, der/Rektorin, die; (of hostel, sheltered housing) Heimleiter, der/-leiterin, die; (of youth hostel) Herbergsvater, der/-mutter, die* * *['wo:dn]1) (the person in charge of an old people's home, a student residence etc: The warden has reported that two students are missing from the hostel.) der/die Direktor(in)2) ((also traffic warden) a person who controls parking and the flow of traffic in an area: If the (traffic) warden finds your car parked there you will be fined.) der/die Aufseher(in)4) ((also game warden) a person who guards a game reserve.) der/die Jagdaufseher(in)* * *war·den[ˈwɔ:dən, AM ˈwɔ:r-]n3. AM (person running institution) Leiter(in) m(f), Direktor(in) m(f); (prison governor) Gefängnisdirektor(in) m(f)animal \warden Tierwärter(in) m(f)game \warden Wildaufseher(in) m(f)park \warden Parkwächter(in) m(f)* * *['wɔːdn]n(of youth hostel) Herbergsvater m, Herbergsmutter f; (= game warden) Jagdaufseher(in) m(f); (= traffic warden) ≈ Verkehrspolizist m, ≈ Politesse f; (= air-raid warden) Luftschutzwart m; (= fire warden) Feuerwart(in) m(f); (of castle, museum etc) Aufseher(in) m(f); (= head warden) Kustos m; (of port) (Hafen)aufseher(in) m(f); (of mint) Münzwardein m; (UNIV) Heimleiter(in) m(f); (of Oxbridge college) Rektor(in) m(f); (of prison) (Brit) Wärter(in) m(f), Aufseher(in) m(f); (US) Gefängnisdirektor(in) m(f)* * *warden1 [ˈwɔː(r)dn] s1. obs Wächter(in)2. Aufseher(in):warden of a port Hafenmeister(in); → academic.ru/1458/air-raid_warden">air-raid warden, firewarden, game warden3. Herbergsvater m, -mutter f6. UNIV Br Rektor m, Rektorin f (eines College)7. Br Zunftmeister(in)8. besonders US Portier(sfrau) m(f), Pförtner(in)warden2 [ˈwɔː(r)dn] s Br eine Kochbirnensorte* * *noun1) (president, governor) Direktor, der/Direktorin, die; (of college, school) Rektor, der/Rektorin, die; (of hostel, sheltered housing) Heimleiter, der/-leiterin, die; (of youth hostel) Herbergsvater, der/-mutter, die* * *n.Aufseher - m.Wächter - m. -
11 Ercker, Lazarus
[br]b. c.1530 Annaberg, Saxony, Germanyd. 1594 Prague, Bohemia[br]German chemist and metallurgist.[br]Educated at Wittenberg University during 1547–8, Ercker obtained in 1554, through one of his wife's relatives, the post of Assayer from the Elector Augustus at Dresden. From then on he took a succession of posts in mining and metallurgy. In 1555 he was Chief Consultant and Supervisor of all matters relating to mines, but for some unknown reason was demoted to Warden of the Mint at Annaberg. In 1558 he travelled to the Tyrol to study the mines in that region, and in the same year Prince Henry of Brunswick appointed him Warden, then Master, of the Mint at Goslar. Ercker later moved to Prague where, through another of his wife's relatives, he was appointed Control Tester at Kutna Hora. It was there that he wrote his best-known book, Die Beschreibung allfürnemisten mineralischen Ertz, which drew him to the attention of the Emperor Maximilian, who made him Courier for Mining and a clerk of the Supreme Court of Bohemia. The next Emperor, Rudolf II, a noted patron of science and alchemy, promoted Ercker to Chief Inspector of Mines and ennobled him in 1586 with the title Von Schreckenfels'. His second wife managed the mint at Kutna Hora and his two sons became assayers. These appointments gained him much experience of the extraction and refining of metals. This first bore fruit in a book on assaying, Probierbüchlein, printed in 1556, followed by one on minting, Münzbuch, in 1563. His main work, Die Beschreibung, was a systematic review of the methods of obtaining, refining and testing the alloys and minerals of gold, silver, copper, antimony, mercury and lead. The preparation of acids, salts and other compounds is also covered, and his apparatus is fully described and illustrated. Although Ercker used Agricola's De re metattica as a model, his own work was securely based on his practical experience. Die Beschreibung was the first manual of analytical and metallurgical chemistry and influenced later writers such as Glauber on assaying. After the first edition in Prague came four further editions in Frankfurt-am-Main.[br]BibliographyDie Beschreibung allfürnemisten mineralischen Ertz, Prague. 1556, Probierbuchlein.1563, Munzbuch.Further ReadingP.R.Beierlein, 1955, Lazarus Ercker, Bergmann, Hüttenmann und Münzmeister im 16. Jahrhundert, Berlin (the best biography, although the chemical details are incomplete).J.R.Partington, 1961, History of Chemistry, London, Vol. II, pp. 104–7.E.V.Armstrong and H.Lukens, 1939, "Lazarus Ercker and his Probierbuch", J.Chem. Ed.16: 553–62.LRD -
12 Martyn, Sir Richard
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 1543d. July 1617[br]English goldsmith, Warden and later Master of the Royal Mint, entrepreneur and shareholder in Elizabethan metal industries.[br]Martyn became a leading shareholder in the Company of Mineral and Battery Works, the Elizabethan monopoly established in 1565 under the initiative William Humfrey. Its purpose was to mine lead and zinc ores and to introduce production of brass and manufacture of brass wire to England, activities in which he took an active interest. Appointed Warden of the Royal Mint in 1572, Martyn's responsibilities included the receipt of bullion and dispatch of freshly minted coins. He reported unfavourably on a new invention for producing "milled" coins by a screw press which embossed the two faces simultaneously. Considerable friction arose from his criticism of the then Master of the Mint. He was later subject to criticism himself on the irregularity of coin weights produced at the Mint. In 1580 Martyn leased Tintern wireworks, property of the Mineral and Battery Company, which was by then producing iron wire after earlier failing in the production of brass. Two years later he sought rights from the company to mine the zinc ore calamine and to make brass. When this was granted in 1587, he formed a partnership with others including William Brode, a London goldsmith who had been experimenting with the making of brass. Production started on a small scale using imported copper at Queen's Mill, Isleworth, largely financed by Martyn. Brode soon disagreed with his partners and with the Mineral and Battery Works Company and Martyn withdrew. After long and acrimonious disputes the works closed completely in 1605.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsAlderman 1578. Knighted and appointed Lord Mayor of London 1589. Prime Warden of the Goldsmiths' Company 1592. Joint Master of the Mint with his son, Richard, 1599.Further ReadingM.B.Donald, 1961, Elizabethan Monopolies, London: Oliver \& Boyd (provides a comprehensive account).JD
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